Ovarian Cancer Explained: Early Signs, Detection, and Care

Ovarian cancer develops when abnormal cells in the ovaries (where eggs are produced) or fallopian tubes grow and multiply out of control. It can develop and spread throughout the abdomen (belly) before it causes any symptoms; that's why early detection becomes difficult.

If you are experiencing constant pelvic or abdominal pain, discomfort or bloating, vaginal discharge, abnormal bleeding, diarrhea or constipation, or an increase in the size of your abdomen, consult an oncologist in Kolkata. This will ensure timely treatment and increase the chances of a better outcome.

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What is Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is an abnormal growth of cells that forms in the ovaries. A woman's lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer is 1 in 91.

It can affect women of any age, but is often diagnosed late (in women over the age of 50); early diagnosis can mean it is more treatable. An individual can still get ovarian cancer if they've had their ovaries removed because it can also affect their fallopian tubes or the lining inside their tummy (peritoneum).

There are three types of ovarian cancers:

1. Epithelial Ovarian Carcinomas (The  Most Common)

It arises from the surface epithelium covering the ovaries.

2. Germ Cell Tumors

It develops from egg-producing germ cells.

3. Stromal Cell Tumors

These tumors arise from supportive stromal cells that produce hormones like estrogen

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What are the Signs That You Need to Watch Out For?

Ovarian cysts may not cause any symptoms or can be quite painful. Ovarian cancer may develop and spread throughout the abdomen before it exhibits any symptoms.

Here are some of the symptoms that indicate that you should consult the doctor for the right diagnosis:

• Pelvic or abdominal pain or discomfort.
• Persistent bloating lasting over two weeks.
• Abdominal swelling.
• Losing your appetite and feeling full quickly.
• Vaginal discharge or abnormal bleeding, particularly if the bleeding happens outside of the typical menstrual cycle or after you’ve gone through menopause.
• Bowel changes, such as diarrhea or constipation.
• An increase in the size of the abdomen.
• Frequent urination.

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Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors

An oncologist in Kolkata says some people are at higher risk because of the following factors:

• Inherited gene changes (faults) such as the BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 genes, RAD51C or RAD51D genes, BRIP1 genes, or PALB2 gene.
• Certain genetic conditions (syndromes), such as Lynch syndrome and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
• Using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to reduce symptoms of menopause.
• Smoking.
• A body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher.

Ovarian Cancer Detection | The Diagnosis

Experts diagnose it through a combination of tests, such as:

• Pelvic exams
• Transvaginal ultrasound
• CT scans
• CA-125 blood tests measure protein levels elevated in cancer
• Surgical biopsy (the definitive way to diagnose, stage, and treat)

What Living With Ovarian Cancer Looks Like

Living with cancer in the ovaries involves the following:

• Going for early diagnosis.
• Following the doctor’s advice.
• Improving quality of life through diet, activity, and support.
• Staying hydrated with 6-8 glasses of water.

Why is Ovarian Cancer Hard to Detect

Because it often produces no symptoms in its initial stages, if they appear, the signs are vague and mimic common, less serious gastrointestinal or hormonal issues.

Is Cancer in the Ovaries Curable?

Yes, it can be curable, particularly if caught early. However, overall outcomes depend heavily on the stage at diagnosis.

Treatment of Cancer in The Ovaries

The treatment is based on the following factors:

• Cancer stage, type (pathology)
• Genetic markers (BRCA/HRD)
• Patient's overall health

The treatment is based on a personalized, multidisciplinary approach that combines the following methods:

Combination Approach	The Aim
Surgery (hysterectomy, oophorectomy, lymph node removal)	Remove the tumor; some methods are fertility-sparing.
Chemotherapy (Platinum-based drugs and taxanes)	Shrink tumors before or after surgery.
Targeted Therapy (PARP inhibitors)	Attack specific mutations.
Immunotherapy	Support the immune system.
Radiation/Hormone Therapy	In rare cases, for palliation or stromal tumors producing hormones.

Conclusion

You need to observe your body, and if symptoms such as bloating, pelvic pain, or changes in appetite are persistent and unusual, consult your doctor in a timely manner. Early detection increases the success rate of the treatment, supporting a healthier and longer life ahead.

Are you looking for the best treatment and management approach for ovarian cancer?

You can contact an expert at IRIS Multispeciality Hospital by calling +91 8929579509 and making an informed treatment choice.

Our Address: 82/1, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700047 Open: 24x7

Note: This content is for informational use only; for accurate information, follow your doctor’s advice only.